WINDOWS 2008 Server -> DNS -> Instalando e Configurando DNS Serve

How do I... Install and configure a DNS server in Windows Server 2008?

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By Steven Warren

April 15, 2008, 12:05 PM PDT

Takeaway: Without DNS, computers would have a very tough time communicating with each other. However, most Windows administrators still rely on WINS for name resolution on local area networks and some have little or no experience with DNS. Steven Warren explains how to install, configure, and troubleshoot a Windows Server 2008 DNS server.

As many of you are probably aware, the Domain Name System (DNS) is now the name resolution system of choice in Windows. Without it, computers would have a very tough time communicating with each other. However, most Windows administrators still rely on the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) for name resolution on local area networks and some have little or no experience with DNS. If you fall into this category, read on. We’ll explain how to install, configure, and troubleshoot a Windows Server 2008 DNS server.

This blog post is also available in PDF form as a TechRepublic Download and as a TechRepublic Photo Gallery.

Installation

You can install a DNS server from the Control Panel or when promoting a member server to a domain controller (DC) (Figure A). During the promotion, if a DNS server is not found, you will have the option of installing it.

Figure A

Domain controller

To install a DNS server from the Control Panel, follow these steps:

• From the Start menu, select | Control Panel | Administrative Tools | Server Manager.
• Expand and click Roles (Figure B).
• Choose Add Roles and follow the wizard by selecting the DNS role (Figure C).
• Click Install to install DNS in Windows Server 2008 (Figure D).

Figure B

Expand and click Roles

Figure C

DNS role

Figure D

Install DNS

DNS console and configuration

After installing DNS, you can find the DNS console from Start | All Programs | Administrative Tools | DNS. Windows 2008 provides a wizard to help configure DNS.

When configuring your DNS server, you must be familiar with the following concepts:

• Forward lookup zone
• Reverse lookup zone
• Zone types

A forward lookup zone is simply a way to resolve host names to IP addresses. A reverse lookup zone allows a DNS server to discover the DNS name of the host. Basically, it is the exact opposite of a forward lookup zone. A reverse lookup zone is not required, but it is easy to configure and will allow for your Windows Server 2008 Server to have full DNS functionality.

When selecting a DNS zone type, you have the following options: Active Directory (AD) Integrated, Standard Primary, and Standard Secondary. AD Integrated stores the database information in AD and allows for secure updates to the database file. This option will appear only if AD is configured. If it is configured and you select this option, AD will store and replicate your zone files.

A Standard Primary zone stores the database in a text file. This text file can be shared with other DNS servers that store their information in a text file. Finally, a Standard Secondary zone simply creates a copy of the existing database from another DNS server. This is primarily used for load balancing.

To open the DNS server configuration tool:

1. Select DNS from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS console.
2. Highlight your computer name and choose Action | Configure a DNS Server… to launch the Configure DNS Server Wizard.
3. Click Next and choose to configure the following: forward lookup zone, forward and reverse lookup zone, root hints only (Figure E).
4. Click Next and then click Yes to create a forward lookup zone (Figure F).
5. Select the appropriate radio button to install the desired Zone Type (Figure G).
6. Click Next and type the name of the zone you are creating.
7. Click Next and then click Yes to create a reverse lookup zone.
8. Repeat Step 5.
9. Choose whether you want an IPv4 or IPv6 Reverse Lookup Zone (Figure H).
10. Click Next and enter the information to identify the reverse lookup zone (Figure I).
11. You can choose to create a new file or use an existing DNS file (Figure J).
12. On the Dynamic Update window, specify how DNS accepts secure, nonsecure, or no dynamic updates.
13. If you need to apply a DNS forwarder, you can apply it on the Forwarders window. (Figure K).
14. Click Finish (Figure L).

Figure E

Configure

Figure F

Forward lookup zone

Figure G

Desired zone

Figure H

IPv4 or IPv6

Figure I

Reverse lookup zone

Figure J

Choose new or existing DNS file

Figure K

Forwarders window

Figure L

Finish

Managing DNS records

You have now installed and configured your first DNS server, and you’re ready to add records to the zone(s) you created. There are various types of DNS records available. Many of them you will never use. We’ll be looking at these commonly used DNS records:

• Start of Authority (SOA)
• Name Servers
• Host (A)
• Pointer (PTR)
• Canonical Name (CNAME) or Alias
• Mail Exchange (MX)

Start of Authority (SOA) record

The Start of Authority (SOA) resource record is always first in any standard zone. The Start of Authority (SOA) tab allows you to make any adjustments necessary. You can change the primary server that holds the SOA record, and you can change the person responsible for managing the SOA. Finally, one of the most important features of Windows 2000 is that you can change your DNS server configuration without deleting your zones and having to re-create the wheel (Figure M).

Figure M

Change configuration

Name Servers

Name Servers specify all name servers for a particular domain. You set up all primary and secondary name servers through this record.

To create a Name Server, follow these steps:

1. Select DNS from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS console.
2. Expand the Forward Lookup Zone.
3. Right-click on the appropriate domain and choose Properties (Figure N).
4. Select the Name Servers tab and click Add.
5. Enter the appropriate FQDN Server name and IP address of the DNS server you want to add.

Figure N

Name Server

Host (A) records

A Host (A) record maps a host name to an IP address. These records help you easily identify another server in a forward lookup zone. Host records improve query performance in multiple-zone environments, and you can also create a Pointer (PTR) record at the same time. A PTR record resolves an IP address to a host name.

To create a Host record:

1. Select DNS from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS console.
2. Expand the Forward Lookup Zone and click on the folder representing your domain.
3. From the Action menu, select New Host.
4. Enter the Name and IP Address of the host you are creating (Figure O).
5. Select the Create Associated Pointer (PTR) Record check box if you want to create the PTR record at the same time. Otherwise, you can create it later.
6. Click the Add Host button.

Figure O

A Host (A) record

Pointer (PTR) records

A Pointer (PTR) record creates the appropriate entry in the reverse lookup zone for reverse queries. As you saw in Figure H, you have the option of creating a PTR record when creating a Host record. If you did not choose to create your PTR record at that time, you can do it at any point.

To create a PTR record:

1. Select DNS from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS console.
2. Choose the reverse lookup zone where you want your PTR record created.
3. From the Action menu, select New Pointer (Figure P).
4. Enter the Host IP Number and Host Name.
5. Click OK.

Figure P

New Pointer

Canonical Name (CNAME) or Alias records

A Canonical Name (CNAME) or Alias record allows a DNS server to have multiple names for a single host. For example, an Alias record can have several records that point to a single server in your environment. This is a common approach if you have both your Web server and your mail server running on the same machine.

To create a DNS Alias:

1. Select DNS from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS console.
2. Expand the Forward Lookup Zone and highlight the folder representing your domain.
3. From the Action menu, select New Alias.
4. Enter your Alias Name (Figure Q).
5. Enter the fully qualified domain name (FQDN).
6. Click OK.

Figure Q

Alias Name

Mail Exchange (MX) records

Mail Exchange records help you identify mail servers within a zone in your DNS database. With this feature, you can prioritize which mail servers will receive the highest priority. Creating MX records will help you keep track of the location of all of your mail servers.

To create a Mail Exchange (MX) record:

1. Select DNS from the Administrative Tools folder to open the DNS console.
2. Expand the Forward Lookup Zone and highlight the folder representing your domain.
3. From the Action menu, select New Mail Exchanger.
4. Enter the Host Or Domain (Figure R).
5. Enter the Mail Server and Mail Server Priority.
6. Click OK.

Figure R

Host or Domain

Other new records

You can create many other types of records. For a complete description, choose Action | Other New Records from the DNS console (Figure S). Select the record of your choice and view the description.

Figure S

Create records from the DNS console

Troubleshooting DNS servers

When troubleshooting DNS servers, the nslookup utility will become your best friend. This utility is easy to use and very versatile. It’s a command-line utility that is included within Windows 2008. With nslookup, you can perform query testing of your DNS servers. This information is useful in troubleshooting name resolution problems and debugging other server-related problems. You can access nslookup (Figure T) right from the DNS console.

Figure T

Nslookup utility

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TEcnologia -> PhotoShop -> CS 5 -> Efeito 3D TRON

3D TRON LEGACY TEXT EFFECT IN PHOTOSHOP CS6

VIDEO

THE DOCUMENT

Starting off with the document, I’m starting with a 1280 by 720 pixel document, with a very dark blue background (#0f1013). Using a dark background will help your final text pop! However, you don’t want to use a pure black background, as it will cause issues when adding the final Outer Glow.

THE TEXT

Now for the text. Over at DaFont.com, they have several TRON style fonts, but the one I found most accurate was called TR2N. With the font of your choice active, a nice large size, around 400 points will work nicely.

Once your text is ready to go, under the 3D menu, choose the New 3D Extrusion from Selected Layer option. This will convert your text into a 3D Layer.

Now the fun begins. We’re going to go through the different elements in the 3D panel, which will slowly form the effect we’re looking for. If your 3D panel is not visible, you can find it under the Window menu.

Infinite Light

Let’s start simple with the Infinite Light. All we want to do with the light is rotate itdownwards, using the handle in the middle, so it’s almost directly facing the text, then crank up the Softness of the Shadow in the Properties panel to 60%.

Environment

Hoping over to the Environment properties, the only setting we’re going to adjust is theReflections. To allow the text to reflect on the ground plane, turn up the ReflectionsOpacity to 60% and the Roughness to 5%, just to ensure that the reflections aren’t too sharp. Don’t worry if you can’t see the reflections too well. They’ll become more visible shortly.

Text’s Mesh

Moving down, select the main mesh of your text layer in your 3D panel:

We need to add a bevel to the edges of our text. This can be done by selecting Bevel from the Shape Preset picker. We’re also going to decrease the Extrusion to around 50.

At this point, the bevel isn’t complete. To give the text a bit of depth, and to help with the eventual glows, we need to adjust the text’s Cap. At the top of the Properties panel, the 3rdicon will allow you to do just that. Increasing the Width to 100% will create a nice bevel on our text.

Now that we’ve dealt with the outline of the text, it’s time to start working on the materials. Due to the nature of this font, our Front and Back Inflation materials are covered up by the bevel, so the only materials we’re going to need to change are the Front Bevel, and theExtrusion Material. However, just to be safe, click on the Front and Back Inflation Materials, and set the Opacity to 0%. Let’s start with the Front Bevel.

Front Bevel Material

Starting at the top with the Diffuse color, set that at a pure black. The Specular can stay the same, but the Illumination, which will give us a much stronger overall fill than the Diffuse would, will be set at a nice baby blue. #4fa3f9.

As for the sliders, all we need to change is the Shine and Bump. Increase the Shine to 75%, and reduce the Bump to 0.

Extrusion Material

Now the Extrusion will be slightly more work. Let’s start with the colors.

The Diffuse will be set to a bright blue. #0090ff.
The Specular, which will help bring out the Bump’s texture, will be a baby blue: #00bbff.
The Illumination will be set at a slightly darker blue: #234f92.

Now down below, the Shine will be set to 30%, the Reflection and Bump both at 100%, and the Opacity will be 30% as well.

The Bump

Now in terms of the Bump’s texture, it’s really up to you how you want this to look. Over atCGTextures.com, I found a nice scratched texture which will give a nice ‘glassy or icy’ feel to the extrusion.

But even after the texture has been added, it’ll need some tweaking. First off, because bump maps work off light and dark tones, we’re going to quickly edit this texture. Clicking to the right of the percentage, choosing Edit Texture will allow us to edit the original file.

Now all we really need to do, is pump up the Contrast. Head up to Image > Adjustments >Brightness/Contrast.

Turn on Legacy mode, then turn up the Contrast to around 70. Now the reason I turned on Legacy mode, is because in recent versions of Photoshop, you can only increase the Contrast to the point before the tones in the image start to become ruined. But in this case, we want to go beyond that.

Now that the Contrast has been increased, save the document with your Command/Ctrl + Sshortcut, and hop back over to your original document.

The next tweak we’re going to make to the bump’s texture, is in regards to the UV map. This will ensure that it wraps nicely around the text. This time, select the Edit UV Properties option. When the window pops up, set the U Scale at 1000% and the V Scale at10%.

Render

Let’s give our text a render (3D > Render) to see how things are looking. You’ll notice, especially in regards to the reflections on the ground plane, that during the first few passes, you may see a lot of noise and roughness:

It won’t be until the fourth or fifth pass that your elements will start to smooth out nicely. Once the render slows down, you know you’ve hit the crucial point.

You’re also going to notice something missing. Nothing’s glowing. I figured, instead of going insane and attempting to create a glowing effect using Photoshop’s 3D features, it’ll be just as effective to add them in using Layer Styles.

Layer Styles

So now that the Render is complete, hop into your Layer Styles start with an Inner Glow. The color of the glow will be a very light blue, almost white. #ebf7ff.

*If you chose to use a larger or smaller font, you may need to tweak the Size andRange values.

And finally, let’s add an Outer Glow to finish the design off. This time, the color will be a more neutral blue, #0c75d7

Final Result

Tecnologia -> PhotoShop -> CS 5 -> Efeito BattleField 3

BATTLEFIELD 3 TEXT EFFECT

VIDEO

There are a few variations of the Battlefield text, but the one you see below, which was taken from the official website, will give you a great starting point if you want to further customize the effect.

Of course, the first step after you’ve created your document, is the base text. We’re going to be using two different fonts for the text. One for the word Battlefield, and one for the number three.

Battlefield Font: Agency FB BoldNumber 3 Font: Chica Mono

The size of your font is up to you. I’m going to be starting large, around 200 points.

Now that our text is ready to go, let’s add a very subtle Gradient Overlay. The top color, which is on the right of the Gradient Bar, will be a very light grey, then the bottom color, will be slightly darker than the top.

At this point, we need to add a canvas type texture to the text, which can be done in a few ways, including a Pattern Overlay, but when combined with a Gradient, it’s a bit tricky, so we’re going to resort to a Filter. Now before you aimlessly add a Filter to your text, make sure you convert it for Smart Filters under the Filter menu first. This will not only ensure that you can edit the Filter’s settings later on, but you’ll also be able to go back and change the text if needed.

The Filter we’re going to be applying is Texturize, which on Photoshop CS5, was under the Texture submenu. But in Photoshop CS6, it’s now accessible in the Filter Gallery. When the Texturize Filter is selected, select Canvas for the Texture, decrease the Scaling to 50%, and set the Relief at 2. Of course, if you want a stronger texture, or a completely different texture, experiment with the different Filters that are available.

The next step in the effect is the black and blue outline that you can see on the bottom half of the text. For this, we’re going to create our own pattern, which will give us a lot of flexibility on how the final result looks.

Start by creating a new document with the dimensioned 8px by 8px.

When the document is ready, zoom in as far as you can go. You can do this by holdingCommand + Spacebar on the Mac, or Ctrl + Spacebar on Windows, and dragging your mouse to the right.

Now we need to create the pattern. We’ll start with the blues. The base color of the texture is going to be a light blue. The value for this will be #b4d0df. With that color set, use your Pencil Tool, which can be found in the flyout with the Brush Tool, and paint the left half of the document with the blue you just set. And finally, with a black brush, paint the right half of the document completely black.

Perfect. Before we save, one optional step you may want to take, is to blur the pattern. This will give it a slightly softer feel. Filter > Blur > Blur.

Now that our pattern is complete, it’s time to save it. Under the Edit menu, choose theDefine Pattern option, and give it a name. Battlefield 3 sounds appropriate.

Hop back over to our original document.

Because we’re going to be using a pattern, we’re able to apply it as a Stroke, but, if we apply it directly to our original text layer, we won’t be able to fade it out using a Layer Mask, so we’re going to need to create a separate layer for that.

- In your Layers Panel, click on the New Layer icon to quickly create a new layer.
- Turn your text into a selection by Command/Ctrl+clicking on the text layer’s thumbnail.
- Once selected, fill the selection with whatever color you have. (Command+Delete orCtrl+Backspace will fill the selection with your background color.
- As we don’t actually want the color to be showing, turn the Fill to 0%. Decreasing the Fill will hide the original layer, but allow us to see our Layer Styles, which we’re about to add.

Now we’re ready to apply the pattern. Double click on your new layer to bring up your LayerStyles, and hop into the Stroke section. Towards the bottom, change the Fill Type toPattern, then in the Pattern Picker, find and select the pattern you just created. It should be at the very bottom of the list.

Now depending on how thick you want the Stroke, you can change the Size at the top. 4 should work well.

Another neat trick, is that you’re able to move the pattern if you’re not happy with it’s positioning. By simply clicking+dragging your mouse over top of the text, you can position the pattern exactly where you want it.

Almost there! The last step is to fade out the Stroke. Your first instinct would be to add a Layer Mask, select a Black to White gradient, and drag it from the top to the bottom of the text. However, when applying Layer Masks to a Layer with Layer Styles, the result isn’t always pretty. So to work around that, just like we did with the text layer, convert your layer forSmart Filters first.

Now we can apply a Layer Mask, and with a Black to White gradient selected, drag out a gradient from around the middle of the text, to the bottom.

And that just about does it! If you want, you can also duplicate the design to add a reflection underneath. (Select both layers, pop them into a group, duplicate the group, convert it to a Smart Object, flip it, move it into place, add a Layer Mask, and with a White to Black gradient, fade it out, just like we did for the Stroke.)

Looking at the original (top) and the design we just created (bottom), it looks like we almost nailed it! Of course, you can use the same technique to type any word that you like and incorporate it into your gaming related designs.